Bacterial Infections
Bahar Madran and others
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are accepted as one of the most important challenges in hospital settings. They cause extended lengths of stay -at the hospital, threatening patient safety, increasing the rate of morbidity and mortality, raising the workforce of healthcare workers and accelerating antimicrobial resistance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), [...] Read More
Hanife Nur Karakoç-Parlayan and others
The demographic shift with an aging population worldwide has highlighted the unique healthcare challenges the elderly face. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute data, the population aged 65 and over reached 8,722,806 in 2023, accounting for 10.2% of the total population. Population projections indicate that the proportion of the elderly population is expected to reach 12.9% in 2030 [...] Read More
Aybegüm Özşahin and others
With the prolongation of life expectancy and the developments in orthopedic surgery, noteworthy progress has been made in prosthetic joint surgery in recent years. Joint replacement provides pain relief, improves quality of life, and gives independence to individuals. Along with the advances in prosthetic surgery, prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is still the most feared complication of the procedure. Read More
Yusuf Emre Özdemir and others
Peritonitis presents an inflammation of the peritoneal cavity that can develop because of infectious (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.) and non-infectious (chemical agents, foreign substances, etc.) causes. Infectious peritonitis is divided into three classes based on [...] Read More
Oğuz Usta and others
Rothia kristinae is a Gram-positive, non-motile facultative anaerobic coccus, a member of the Micrococcaceae family, first described in 1974 by Kloos and colleagues. Nomenclature revisited by Nouioui I. and colleagues in 2018, resulting in its reclassification as Rothia spp. (formerly classified as Kocuria kristinae). Read More
Sinan Çetin and Mediha Uğur
Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria found in the colon as part of the normal intestinal flora of a healthy individual. However, changes in the gut microbiota because of antibiotic use can lead to overgrowth of C. difficile and toxin […] Read More
Khalis Mustafayev and others
Invasive Candida infections have increased significantly in recent years due to various risk factors, including invasive procedures, vascular catheterization, intra-abdominal surgery, prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive medications, hemodialysis, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and extended intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Candida, one of the top three nosocomial bloodstream infections, [...] Read More
Dilara Yıldırım and others
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Globally, an estimated 10.6 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI]=9.9-11.4 million) developed TB in 2022, compared with 10.3 million in 2021 and 10.0 million in 2020. TB caused an estimated 1.30 million deaths worldwide in 2022 (95% UI=1.18-1.43 million). This was […] Read More
Tuğba Yanık-Yalçın and others
Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) have been shown to be effective life-saving treatments for hydrocephalus. Nonetheless, the occurrence of VPS-related complications and infections necessitates close monitoring and care. Due to blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, many anti-infective therapeutics have difficulty […] Read More
Yunus Kaygusuz and others
CGD patients are prone to recurrent, life-threatening infections caused by catalase-positive bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Nocardia spp., and Serratia marcescens, and Aspergillus spp.). They can be diagnosed at any age, mostly under five. Nevertheless, they can be diagnosed in adulthood due to the incomplete penetrance and [...] Read More
Abdurrahman Kaya and others
Aspergillus spp. are ubiquitous and frequently inhaled by humans as spores in the natural environment and hospital settings. Despite this high frequency of exposure, aspergillosis is a rare disease in humans. Many Aspergillus spp. have been defined as causing infections, including Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus, among the most common [...] Read More
Mehmet Emirhan Işık and others
Infective endocarditis is the infection of the endocardial surfaces of the heart, including native valves, mural endocardium, or septal defects. Involvement of previously implanted prosthetic valves, intracardiac devices, or pacemakers are commonly predisposing risk factors for infective endocarditis. If left untreated, it is inevitably fatal due to complications such as congestive heart failure, stroke (...) Read More
Ali Mert and others
Pyomyositis is a primary infection of skeletal muscle that does not result from a contiguous disease, is hematogenous in origin, and often results in abscess formation. Although pyomyositis is classically an infection in tropical regions, it is an emerging infection in temperate climates. Pyomyositis is frequently caused by aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Read More
Uğur Önal and others
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is the most common vector-borne disease in Europe and North America, caused by the spirochete Borrelia species, which can be transmitted through the bite of an infected black-legged tick. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on Lyme disease in the United States showed (...) Read More
Grace Fisler and others
Elevated procalcitonin levels are associated with increased bacterial infection rates in children and adults. Identification of bacterial infection in previous studies has used procalcitonin thresholds of 0.5 ng/mL-1.0 ng/mL. Procalcitonin level elevations have been reported in COVID-19 patients (...) Read More
Yusuf Emre Özdemir and others
Burkholderia cepacia complex is aerobic, non-fermentative, multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli containing 24 opportunistic pathogenic species (1). B. cepacia complex members are commonly found in natural environments because they easily adapt to harsh environments due to their genotypic and phenotypic plasticity and ability to mutate rapidly. B. cepacia complex can also grow substantially and survive in water-based (...) Read More
Amanda J. Bastien and others
Introduction Respiratory illness from an acute infection remains the most common etiology for inpatient pediatric hospitalization. Imminent respiratory arrest from prolonged hypoxemia may lead to bradycardia and subsequent cardiac collapse. As such, apnea (or respiratory distress) followed then by bradycardia is the classic modus operandi seen at the bedside, especially in neonates (...) Read More
Aynur Atilla and others
Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is necrotizing fasciitis of genital or perianal areas. Typically, FG is an infection of polymicrobial origin and has higher mortality rates if treatment is not initiated earlier. The main etiological factors are colorectal (30%-50%) and genitourinary origins (20%-40%), including anorectal infections, (...) Read More
Tuğba Yanık-Yalçın and others
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the skin and mucosa of humans. Infections because of S. aureus can range from skin infections to potentially fatal conditions like pneumonia, sepsis, and endocarditis. S. aureus is a common cause of nosocomial and community-acquired bloodstream infections worldwide. Because of biofilm (...) Read More
Fatihan Pınarlık and others
Fascioliasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica, and affects at least 2.4 million people worldwide, according to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates (1). Sheep and cattle are the natural definitive hosts of F. hepatica infection; therefore, fascioliasis is common in sheep-raising (...) Read More